Re your para 6 ... increase in automated attacks ... A network management station one floor above the network administators suddenly caused the wiring hubs of the LAN the network admin's use to be severely overloaded with traffic, to the point that no-one could do anything on the LAN. It took 20 minutes to resolve the problem. The next hourly check of the firewall showed that a sophisticated automated attack on the firewall took place at exactly the same time. That was a damned good diversion. We are still trying to figure out precisely how it was made to happen. The same day there was a sharp increase in manual attacks on our firewall, but just the usual knocking on doors and doorknob twisting. They were coming from access.com, which is an Internet service provider in Philadelphia PA that has four Unix boxes on the Internet that provide dial-up access over telephone lines. Hog Farmer